Leather knowledge

There are many kinds of leather. According to the type, it can be divided into: genuine leather, microfiber leather, environmentally friendly leather, xi leather, and imitation leather.
*Imitation leather is actually PVC plastic, but the surface is made into leather patterns! The quality of imitation leather is determined by its thickness. The national standard stipulates: thickness 0.65MM--0.75MM. Generally, the thickness of imitation leather is 0.7MM, and there are thicknesses of 1.0MM, 1.2MM, 1.5MM, and 2.0M. The thicker the imitation leather, the better! The color of imitation leather is very important. It must be the same color as or close to the real leather, such as The difference is relatively large, which will seriously affect the quality of the furniture! Imitation leather has the smell of tinna water.
*Xipi is a kind of artificial leather, mainly made of PVC, with a thickness of more than 1.0MM
*Environmentally friendly leather is a new type of artificial leather, which feels very soft and has similar skin texture to real leather.
*Microfiber leather is the best artificial leather. The skin texture is very similar to that of real leather. The feel is a bit hard and it is difficult for outsiders to tell whether it is real leather or regenerated leather. Microfiber leather, the full name of which is microfiber simulated sofa leather, is also called regenerated leather. It is a newly developed high-grade leather among synthetic leathers and is not genuine leather. Because of its advantages of wear resistance, cold resistance, breathability, aging resistance, soft texture and beautiful appearance, it has become an ideal choice to replace natural leather. Natural dermis is "woven" by many collagen fibers of varying thicknesses, and is divided into two layers: a grain layer and a mesh layer. The grain layer is woven from extremely fine collagen fibers, and the mesh is woven from thicker collagen fibers. Become.
The surface layer of microfiber leather is composed of a polyamide layer with a structure similar to the grain layer of natural leather, and the base layer is made of microfiber non-woven fabric. Its structure is very similar to the mesh layer of natural leather, so microfiber leather It has a very similar structure and performance to natural leather. Compared with natural leather, microfiber leather mainly has the following characteristics:
1. The folding fastness is comparable to that of natural leather. It can be bent 200,000 times at normal temperature without cracks and can be bent 30,000 times at low temperature (-20℃) without cracks (good temperature resistance and mechanical properties).
2. Moderate elongation (good skin feel).
3. High tear strength and peel strength (high resistance, tear strength and tensile strength).
4. There will be no pollution from production to use, and the environmental protection performance is superior.
The appearance of microfiber leather is most like that of real leather, and its products are superior to natural leather in terms of thickness uniformity, tear strength, color brightness and leather surface utilization. It has become the development direction of contemporary synthetic leather. If the surface of the microfiber leather is dirty, it can be scrubbed with high-grade gasoline or water. Do not scrub it with other organic solvents or alkaline substances to prevent quality damage. Microfiber leather usage conditions: no more than 25 minutes at a heat setting temperature of 100°C, no more than 10 minutes at 120°C, and no more than 5 minutes at 130°C.
There are generally three types of genuine leather: sheepskin, pigskin, and cowhide
Sheepskin: The skin is smaller, the surface is thinner, the texture is regular, and the feel is flexible. However, due to the processing of fabrics, splicing is often required to adapt, which affects the appearance.
Pigskin: The pores are arranged in a triangle shape, the cortex is loose, rough, and has poor gloss. It is not suitable for sofa leather. Classification and respective characteristics
Top layer leather and second layer leather: According to the layers of leather, there are first layer leather and second layer leather. Among them, top layer leather includes grain leather, trimmed leather, embossed leather, special effect leather, and embossed leather; second layer leather It is also divided into pig second-layer leather and cow second-layer leather.
Grain leather: Among many leather varieties, full-grain leather ranks first because it is processed from high-quality raw material leather with less damage. The leather surface retains its natural state, has a thin coating, and can show Bring out the natural beauty of animal skin patterns. It is not only wear-resistant, but also has good breathability. Tianhu series leather goods use this kind of leather as raw material to make high-quality leather goods.
Shaving leather: It is made by using a leather grinding machine to lightly polish the surface and then apply the corresponding pattern on it. In fact, it is a "facelift" on the damaged or rough natural leather surface. This kind of leather has almost lost its original surface condition.
Characteristics of full-grain leather: divided into soft leather, wrinkled leather, front leather, etc. The characteristics are that the grain surface is completely preserved, the pores are clear, small, tight and irregularly arranged, the surface is plump and delicate, elastic and has good breathability. It is a high-grade leather. Leather products made from this cowhide are comfortable, durable and beautiful to use.
Characteristics of half-grain leather: During the production process, it is processed and ground into only half the grain, so it is called half-grain cowhide. Part of the style of natural leather is maintained. The pores are flat and oval, irregularly arranged, and hard to the touch. Generally, lower-grade raw leather is used. So it is mid-range leather. Due to the particularity of the process, the surface is free of damage and scars and has a high utilization rate. The finished product is not easily deformed, so it is generally used for large briefcases with larger areas.
Characteristics of shaved cowhide: Also known as "smooth cowhide", the market is also called matte and shiny cowhide. The characteristics are that the surface is flat and smooth without pores and skin lines. During the production, the surface grain is slightly polished and modified. A layer of colored resin is sprayed on the leather to cover up the leather surface texture, and then a water-based light-transmitting resin is sprayed, so it is a high-grade leather. . Especially glossy cowhide, with its dazzling, noble and gorgeous style, is a popular leather for fashion leather goods.
Special effect cowhide characteristics: The production process requirements are the same as those of modified cowhide, except that beads, gold aluminum or metallic copper are added to the colored resin for comprehensive spraying on the leather, and then a layer of water-based light-transparent resin is rolled. The finished product has various properties. It has a unique luster, bright texture, grace and luxury. It is currently popular leather and is a mid-range leather. Features of embossed cowhide: Use patterned plates (made of aluminum, copper) to heat and press various patterns on the leather surface to form a style of leather. Currently popular in the market is "lychee grain cowhide", which uses a piece of flower board with a litchi grain pattern, and the name is also called "lychee grain cowhide".
Split-layer leather: It is obtained by splitting thick leather with a skin machine. The first layer is used to make full-grain leather or trimmed leather. The second layer is made into split-layer leather through a series of processes such as painting or laminating. Its fastness is durable and durable. It has poor abrasion resistance and is the cheapest leather of its kind.
Characteristics of two-layer cowhide: The reverse side is the second layer of cowhide, and a layer of PU resin is coated on the surface, so it is also called film cowhide. Its price is cheaper and its utilization rate is high. With the change of technology, it has also been made into various grades, such as imported second-layer cowhide. Due to its unique technology, stable quality, novel varieties and other characteristics, it is the current high-end leather, and the price and grade are no less than the commonly used leather of first-layer genuine leather. , real leather is also used, and foreigners also use: Authentic leather. Others use: Genuine leather. Genuine leather includes: full green leather, semi-green leather, yellow cowhide, buffalo leather, split leather, pigskin, etc.
Fake leather, also known as artificial leather, artificial leather:
Use artificial leather. One of my foreign guests likes to use: leatherette.
Artificial leather includes: microfiber leather, regenerated leather, eco-friendly leather, western leather, hard leather, imitation leather, etc.
Microfiber leather: Most people use micro-fibrie, micro-fibril or microfibric, microfibril.
But many USA customers think microfibric and microfibril are the same kind of cloth.
So if you are worried that customers will be misunderstood, just add "Leather" to modify the word. 
Then it is: microfibric leather. microfibril leather.
PVC is used for imitation leather. One more thing to add: Vinyl also refers to imitation leather.
PVC, English name: Poly (vinyl chloride) or Polyvinyl Chloride
Chinese scientific name: polyvinyl chloride.
Imitation leather is just a leather pattern on the surface, and there is no velvet on the bottom!
The quality of imitation leather is determined by its thickness. The national standard stipulates: thickness 0.65mm--0.75mm.
The general thickness of imitation leather is 0.7mm, and there are thicknesses of 1.0mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, and 2.0mm. The thicker the imitation leather, the better!
The color of imitation leather is close to or the same color as real leather, but imitation leather has the smell of tinna water.
Xipi is sometimes said to be PVC by some blind people.
Because Xipi is mainly made of PVC and is more than 1.0m thick. In addition to the leather texture on the surface, there is velvet on the bottom.
But Xipi, generally professional ones use PU better.
PU, English name: Polyurethane,
Chinese scientific name: polyurethane, polyurethane, polyurethane
The cortex of environmentally friendly leather is mostly PU coating, so environmentally friendly leather can also be said to be PU.
But if you want to be more professional, you can use environmentally friendly leather: Eco-leather, Ergonomic leather
Environmentally friendly leather feels very soft and has similar skin texture to real leather, but it fades easily.
Second, talk about the origin of the leather.
Generally refers to imported and domestic products.
Imported leather: imported leather
Domestic leather: domestic leather.
Some people in the domestic industry use: Chinese leather.
Most of the imported leather is from Italy, while domestic leather is mainly from Sichuan and Hebei.
Imported leather is often heard of: imported Italian leather and imported Thai leather. (Thailand leather) However, imported Italian leather is better than imported Thai leather.
3. Divide according to the softness and hardness of the skin.
There are soft leather and hard leather.
Soft leather: soft leather is commonly used, and hard leather: hard leather is commonly used
4. All kinds of skins are also good or bad, so there are grades.
Generally there are:
Grade A leather:A grade leather.
Second grade B grade leather: B grade leather.
Third grade C grade leather: C grade leather.
The leather generally used to produce labor protection gloves can be simplified as:
Grade A: The thickness is more than 1.2MM, and the hair fibers on the leather surface are very fine.
Grade AB: The quality of the leather is between Grade A and Grade B, the thickness is 1.0-1.2MM, and the wool fibers on the surface are fine. Grade BC: The quality of the leather is between Grade B and Grade C, the thickness is 0.8-1.0MM. The wool fibers on the surface are slightly thicker
5. Type of leather.
This is easy to say. Where it comes from, it is called skin.
Commonly heard ones include:
Cowhide:leather,cow leather,cowhide,oxhide,coskin.
Pigskin: pigskin, pig leather.
Sheepskin: sheep leather, lamb leather.
Crocodile leather: crocodile leather.
6. Distinguished by skin type, it can be divided into:
Top layer leather: top grain,top grain leather,top layer leather,
the top grain, full grain leather, full grain.
Some people just use top leather.
Second layer leather (section leather): split, split leather, some use second leather directly
Occasionally, some people use bonded leather.
Recycled leather (recycled leather): commonly used recycleLeather, recycled leather
Some people also use regenerated leather,
reprocessed leather,
reconstituted leather,
Some people use reworked leather.
The leather currently on the market is roughly divided into:
There are four types: full green leather, semi-green leather, embossed leather (embossed leather), and cracked leather.
Whole green leather is also called: top layer leather.
Semi-green leather is also called: second-layer leather.
Embossed leather and cracked leather are also semi-green leather.
Among all green leathers, there is a top quality called original green leather, which is the ultimate luxury product.
Full green leather and semi-green leather are generally more expensive, but they are of high quality and are considered luxury goods. Embossed leather and cracked leather are relatively cheaper and are used by ordinary families. They are practical and beautiful. economy
Leather basics
Leather type and quality identification
Pigskin
1. Pig smooth surface. Ordinary pig smooth surface is processed on the surface of pig skin through different tanning processes. First, the surface of the skin is coated with paste and then colored. The surface of ordinary pig smooth surface is shiny, and the pores are arranged very regularly. Generally, The three pores form a group in a triangular shape. The quality of the pig smooth surface varies depending on the region and the tanning process. I will not go into details here. The better quality pig smooth surface has finer grains and a soft hand feel. Due to the continuous improvement of leather technology, pig smooth skin can now be processed into many different types of leather.
Distressed effect, the distressed effect is mainly lack of luster, and some distressed leather may also have some dark patterns. Embossed effect, the embossed effect is to press strips, blood veins, etc. on the surface of the leather:
Litchi grain effect, this effect is sometimes a bit like the effect of coarse-grained cowhide, but it is essentially different from cowhide. The characteristic of litchi grain is that the leather is slightly thicker than ordinary smooth leather and the grain is rough.
Light coating effect, the surface of this kind of leather is not coated with slurry but is directly painted with different colors. The luster is slightly darker than the ordinary glossy surface. This kind of leather feels better than the ordinary glossy surface, and the leather has a sagging feeling when held in the hand.
The water-washed effect, the glossy coating of the water-washed effect is also thin, and is not very different from the ordinary glossy surface. The difference is that it feels softer than the ordinary glossy surface. You can clean stains on clothes directly with water.
Wipe leather, the color of the surface and base of this leather are different. After it is made into a finished product, you can use sandpaper or other materials to wipe the surface of the clothes where you need it, so that your clothes become a more beautiful one. for fashionable style.
2. Pig head suede leather
Ordinary top layer suede leather is processed on the reverse side of the leather top layer. The surface of suede leather has short, thin piles and a layer of mercerizing with a particularly strong sense of direction. Sometimes a few pores can be seen
First-layer suede washed leather, this kind of leather feels better than ordinary suede, is more elastic and has better elasticity than ordinary suede.
Drape.
First-layer suede modified leather, this modified leather is the front side of the leather or the leather that has been modified. It can be made into printing, film and oil film varieties.
Printing is usually done on the smooth side of the suede leather into different patterns.
Filming is to stick a film on the suede side of the suede leather. This kind of leather has a very bright layer of light and is a relatively fashionable kind of leather. However, its disadvantage is that it has poor breathability.
Oil film leather is a raw material made of a mixture of three oils rolled on the suede side. It can be processed into oil-film leather with a distressed effect. It is normal for some fold marks to become lighter in color when folded or wrinkled.
3. Pig second-layer suede leather
There is an essential difference between pig second-layer suede and first-layer suede. Its suede is slightly thicker than the first-layer suede, and the triangular pores on the pigskin can be seen. The softness and tensile strength are far less than those of the first layer of suede, and the opening of the leather is much smaller than that of the first layer. Second-layer suede leather can also be processed into many different types of modified leather like first-layer suede leather.
Because the price of the second-layer suede is cheaper, it does not show the quality of the clothing. Therefore, we rarely use this kind of leather for domestic sales.
2. Sheepskin
1. Sheepskin
The characteristics of sheepskin are that the skin is light and thin, feels soft, smooth and delicate, has small pores, is irregularly distributed and has an oblate shape. Sheep skin is a relatively high-grade leather raw material in leather clothing. Nowadays, sheepskin has also broken the traditional style and is processed into many different styles such as embossed, washable, and printed.
grid.
2. Goat leather
The structure of goatskin is slightly stronger than sheepskin, so its tensile strength is better than sheepskin. Because the surface layer of the leather is thicker than sheepskin, it is more wear-resistant than sheepskin. The difference from sheepskin is that the grain layer of goatskin is rougher, not as smooth as sheepskin, and has a slightly worse feel than sheepskin.
Goat leather can now be made into many different styles of leather, including washable distressed leather. This kind of leather has no coating and can be washed directly in water. It does not discolor and has a very small shrinkage rate.
Wax film leather is a kind of leather with a layer of oil wax rolled on the surface of the leather. When this kind of leather is folded or wrinkled, it is normal for some folds to become lighter in color.
3. Cowhide
Since cowhide can reach a certain thickness and fastness, it is mainly used for leather goods and leather shoes. The characteristics of cowhide are small pores, even and tight distribution, plump leather surface, stronger skin than other skins, and a solid and elastic feel. There are also many varieties of cowhide clothing leather.
At present, there are not as many varieties of cowhide processed into different styles of leather as there are pigskin and sheepskin.
Cow second-ply leather is also used in clothing, but it is generally cow second-ply suede leather used in clothing. The difference between it and pig second-ply leather is that the suede fiber is rougher but has no pores. Cow second-layer modified leather is mainly used for leather goods. It is processed on the second layer of cow to produce an imitation glossy or distressed effect. This kind of leather is difficult to identify.
4. Fur
Fur clothing can be divided into two categories based on its use: one type is fur clothing worn inside for the purpose of keeping out the cold; the other type is fur clothing worn sideways (also called suede fur clothing) whose main purpose is decoration.
1.Fox fur leather
The characteristic of silver fox fur is that the hair is relatively long, generally 7-9CM; the needle length is uneven, and it is thicker than other fox fur, and the fur surface is shiny. Its natural colors are gray and black.
The hair of blue fox is fine and neat, with a shiny surface, and the length is shorter than that of silver fox, generally 5-6CM. The natural color of blue fox is white and is usually dyed for clothing. The characteristics of red fox fur are similar to blue fox, but slightly longer than red fox. The full color is red and gray. It is used for clothing without dyeing.
2. Goat fur leather
The hair of goat fur leather is relatively thin and does not shed easily. The hair needles are thick and the direction is not completely smooth. The front of goat fur leather is entirely the leather side. It can be made into suede, spray-painted, printed and rolled into patterns with different effects. Goat fur leather can be dyed into different colors required.
3. Rabbit fur leather
White rabbit fur has less velvet and can be dyed into any desired color.
Grass yellow rabbit
The needles of straw-yellow rabbit hair are slightly longer, and its true color is generally used on clothing.
The fur is soft and dense, smooth and delicate, and less likely to shed than other rabbit furs. Otter fur is the best among rabbit furs. mink fur
Mink fur has a better luster than other fur leathers and is particularly smooth to the touch. It is less likely to shed hair.
1. What are the classifications of leather?
Leather includes genuine leather, recycled leather and artificial leather.
2. What is genuine leather?
Genuine leather is the raw skin peeled off from cows, sheep, pigs, horses, deer or certain other animals. It requires materials for tanning and processing in a tannery. Among them, cowhide, sheepskin and pigskin are the three major leather types used as raw materials for tanning. The dermis is divided into two types: the first layer of skin and the second layer of skin.
3. What is regenerated leather? It is made by crushing the waste skins and dermal scraps of various animals and blending chemical raw materials. Its surface processing technology is the same as that of genuine leather trimmed leather and embossed leather. It is characterized by neat edges, high utilization rate and low price. However, the leather body is generally thicker and has poor strength, so it is only suitable for making affordable briefcases and trolley bags. , club sets and other stereotyped craft products and affordable belts.
4. What is artificial leather? Also called imitation leather or rubber, it is the general term for artificial materials such as PVC and PU. It is made of PVC and PU foam or film processing with different formulas on a textile cloth base or non-woven fabric base. It can be customized according to different strength, wear resistance, cold resistance, color, gloss, and pattern. Processed according to other requirements, it has the characteristics of a wide variety of designs and colors, good waterproof performance, neat edges, high utilization rate and cheaper price than real leather. However, the feel and elasticity of most artificial leather cannot match the effect of real leather.
5. What is the top layer of skin?
The first layer of skin is directly processed from the raw hides of various animals, or the thicker skins of cows, pigs, horses and other animal skins are depilated and cut into upper and lower layers. The upper part with tight fibrous tissue is processed into various kinds of hair. The skin has natural scars and blood tendon marks. In addition, ostrich skin, crocodile skin, short-nosed crocodile skin, lizard skin, snake skin, bullfrog skin, seawater fish skin (including shark skin, cod skin, and catfish skin) , eel skin, pearl fish skin, etc.), freshwater fish skin (including grass carp, carp skin and other scaly fish skin), furry fox skin (silver fox skin, blue fox skin, etc.), wolf skin, dog skin, rabbit skin, etc. It is easy to identify and cannot be made into a second layer of skin.
6. What is split skin?
The second layer of skin is the second layer with loose fiber tissue. It is sprayed with chemical materials or covered with PVC or PU film.
7. What kind of leather has been processed?
Water-dyed leather, open edge beaded leather, patent leather, shaved leather, embossed leather, printed or branded leather, sand leather, suede leather, laser leather
8. What is water-dyed leather? Water-dyed leather: refers to a famous soft leather made from the first layer of skins of cows, sheep, pigs, horses, deer, etc., which are bleached and dyed in various colors, drummed and loosened, and then polished.
9. What is open-edge beadle leather? Open-edge beadle leather: Also known as film leather, it is thrown in half along the spine, and the loose and wrinkled belly and limbs are trimmed of the first layer of skin or the second layer of open edges. Cowhide is processed by laminating PVC films of various solid colors, metallic colors, fluorescent pearl colors, dual-color or multi-colors on its surface.
10. What is patent leather?
Patent leather is a leather made by spraying a second layer of leather with various chemical raw materials and then calendering or matting it.
11. What is facial shaving?
Shaving skin is a poor first-layer skin. The surface is polished to remove the scars and blood vein marks on the surface. After being sprayed with various popular colors of skin paste, it is pressed into a grained or smooth skin.
12. What is embossed leather?
Embossed leather is generally made of trimmed leather or open-edge beaded leather to press various patterns or patterns. For example, imitation fish pattern, lizard pattern, ostrich skin pattern, python skin pattern, water ripple pattern, beautiful bark pattern, litchi pattern, imitation deer pattern, etc., as well as various stripes, patterns, three-dimensional patterns or reflecting various brand images creative patterns, etc.
13. What is printed or branded leather? Printed or branded leather: The material selection is the same as that of embossed leather, but the processing technology is different. It is printed or ironed into the first layer or second layer of leather with various patterns or patterns.
14. What is nubuck leather? Nubuck leather is a first layer or second layer made by polishing the leather surface and abrading the grain scars or rough fibers to expose neat and uniform leather fiber tissue, and then dyeing it into various popular colors. layer of skin.
15. What is suede?
Suede leather: Also called suede leather, it is the first layer of leather made by polishing the surface of the leather into a velvet shape and then dyeing it in various popular colors.
16. What is laser leather? Laser leather: Also called laser leather, it is the latest leather variety that uses laser technology to etch various patterns on the leather surface.
17. How to distinguish between the first layer of skin and the second layer of skin?
An effective way to distinguish the first layer of skin from the second layer of skin is to observe the fiber density of the longitudinal section of the skin. The first layer of skin is composed of a dense and thin fiber layer and a slightly loose transition layer closely connected with it. It has the characteristics of good strength, elasticity and process plasticity. Second-layer leather has only a loose fiber tissue layer, which can only be used to make leather products after spraying chemical raw materials or polishing. It maintains a certain degree of natural elasticity and process plasticity, but its strength is poor.
18. What are the characteristics of pig skin?
The pores on the surface of pigskin are round and large, and they extend into the leather at an angle. The pores are arranged in groups of three, and the leather surface shows many small triangular patterns.
19. What are the characteristics of cowhide? Cowhide is divided into yellow cowhide and buffalohide, but there are certain differences between the two. The pores on the surface of yellow cowhide are round and extend straight into the leather. The pores are dense and even, and the arrangement is irregular, like a sky filled with stars. The pores on the surface of buffalo leather are larger than that of yellow cowhide, and the number of pores is less than that of yellow cowhide. The cortex is looser and not as delicate and plump as yellow water leather.
20. What are the characteristics of horsehide?
The hair on the surface of horsehide is also oval-shaped, with slightly larger pores than cowhide and a more regular arrangement.
21. What are the characteristics of sheepskin?
The pores on the grain surface of sheepskin are oblate and clear. Several pores form a group and are arranged like fish scales.
22. What is PU leather?
PU (polyurethane) is a type of coating agent that can change the appearance and style of fabrics and give fabrics various functions; low-grade raw materials or special raw materials can be used to produce high-end products, suitable for multi-level consumption, and are wear-resistant, solvent-resistant, and resistant. Low temperature (-30 degrees) waterproof, good moisture permeability, excellent elasticity and soft feel. The products are mainly divided into three categories: (1) imitation leather (2) brushed imitation leather (mainly wet coating) (3) coated products (mainly direct coating)
23. What is PVC? The full name of PVC is Polyvinylchlorid. The main component is polyvinyl chloride, and other ingredients are added to enhance its heat resistance, toughness, ductility, etc. The top layer of this surface film is paint, the main component in the middle is polyethylene oxide, and the bottom layer is back-coated adhesive. It is a synthetic material that is loved, popular and widely used in the world today. Its global usage ranks second among various synthetic materials. The essence of PVC is a vacuum plastic film, which is used for the surface packaging of various types of panels.
24. What is the main difference between PU leather and PVC leather?
Most people refer to synthetic leathers other than genuine leather, such as PVC and PU leather, as artificial leather or imitation leather. During the manufacturing process of PVC leather, plastic particles must be hot-melted and stirred into a paste, and then evenly coated on the T/C knitted fabric base according to the specified thickness, and then entered into a foaming furnace for foaming to make it adaptable to We produce various products with different softness requirements, and perform surface treatment (dying, embossing, polishing, matting, surface raising, etc., mainly in accordance with specific product requirements) when they are released. The manufacturing process of PU leather is more complicated than that of PVC leather. Since the base fabric of PU is a canvas PU material with good tensile strength, in addition to being coated on the base fabric, the base fabric can also be included in the middle to make it There is no base fabric visible from the outside. The physical properties of PU leather are better than those of PVC leather, including resistance to bending, good softness, high tensile strength, and breathability (not available in PVC). The pattern of PVC leather is hot-pressed by a steel pattern roller: the pattern of PU leather is hot-pressed on the surface of the semi-finished leather with a pattern paper, and then the paper leather is separated after it cools down to make the surface. deal with.
25. What is the difference between genuine leather and PU leather?
Genuine leather: Belt fabric made from processed animal skin.
1.Strong toughness
2. Wear-resistant
3. Good breathability
4. Heavy (single area)
5. The ingredient is protein, which easily swells and deforms when absorbing water.
Artificial leather (PU leather): Mainly made of high-elastic fibers and has similar characteristics to real leather
1.Light weight
2.Strong toughness
3. Can be made with correspondingly good breathability
4. Waterproof
5. It absorbs water and is not easy to swell or deform.
6. Environmental protection
26. How are leather materials (semi-finished leather products) classified according to their cortex?
Large cowhide/open side leather
More than ten years old beef, good leather, high toughness, smaller pores and thicker pores
calfskin
Calves aged two to three years old are more expensive, have larger pores and are smaller, and have stronger pulling power.
Oxford leather
The back of the cowhide is made to look like Beijing leather using acidic substances and scrubbing methods, with a rough texture.
Nubuck leather
Most of them are thick and coarse cowhide, with the surface layer removed and the texture is smoother than Beijing leather.
sheepskin
Large sheep, coarse sheepskin, the surface is uneven, the pores are larger than those of cowhide and are arranged throughout the
lambskin
The leather is thin and the pores are easy to color, so there are many and bright colors to choose from.
Sheep Beijing leather
The back of the sheepskin has a thin texture and a fine suede-like surface.
Pigskin
Thin skin, low toughness, large pores, high permeability, and high water absorption (used as shoe linings and insoles)
mule skin
Thick leather (for genuine leather soles) Note: Poor cowhide for soles
27. What are the types of cowhide?
There are many types of cowhide, such as cowhide, beef cowhide, grazing cowhide, cowhide, bullhide, uncastrated bullhide and castrated bullhide. In our country, there are also yellow cowhide, buffalohide, yakhide and yakhide.
28. What are the factors that affect the value and performance of cowhide?
The type, origin, age, gender, feeding conditions and methods of cowhide, climate, area size, thickness, weight grade, fat content, sweat glands and blood vessels, and hair density directly determine the tissue structure of cowhide, and thus affect it. The application value of cowhide and the performance of the leather produced.
29. What are the characteristics of crocodile leather products?
The surface of crocodile skin is composed of a special cuticle that is not easily deformed. The longer the crocodile skin grows, the harder and more prominent the horny "scales" on its surface become. Crocodile leather only has two-dimensional fiber weaving, so it is less elastic and difficult to make leather with good feel. But the advantage of this type of leather is that it has good formability and a special appearance. Therefore, crocodile leather is highly valuable. Crocodile skin belly leather is mostly used to be processed into leather bags, leather shoes, etc. A small number of crocodile skins with distinct horny "scales" are used for wall decoration. In short, crocodile skin is a rare and valuable leather.
30. What are the commonly used materials for bags?
PVC/PU leather
,
2. Nylon/Oxford cloth
3. Non-woven fabrics
4. Denim/canvas
31. What are the popular characteristics of PVC material?
This is an era that pays attention to materials. Plastic synthetic leather is used as a handbag material and is loved by young people who pursue novelty. The colors have a translucent effect, including bright red, attractive orange, shiny fluorescent green, and a series of candy tones, which are as magical as a dream.
32. What is CVC fabric?
The main component of CVC=CHIEF VALUEOFCOTTON is cotton, that is to say, the cotton component accounts for more than 50%. The more cotton components, the more expensive the price. CVC is polyester cotton, which has good wear resistance and wrinkle resistance. However, because the polyester fiber in it is a hydrophobic fiber, it has a strong affinity for oil stains and easily absorbs oil stains. It also easily generates static electricity during wearing and absorbs dust, making it difficult to wash. .
33. How to distinguish the material of bag fabric? ① Cotton: burns immediately, the flame is stable, gradually extinguishes, produces white smoke, burning smell, gray ash, SOFT. ②) Rayon (RAYON), also called artificial cotton: burns immediately, The flame is stable, extinguishes immediately, produces white smoke, burnt smell, no ash, SOFT. ③ Nylon: shrinks, curls and melts first, then burns gradually, produces white smoke, smells like celery, gray lumps, shiny. ④ Tedolon (polyester) ) (POLYESTER, also called TETRON): shrinks, curls, and melts first, and then burns gradually, producing black smoke, smell, black lumps, and dullness. ⑤PE (polyethylene): shrinks, curls, and melts first, then burns immediately, producing black smoke and a paraffin smell. Yellow brown lump. ⑥PP (polypropylene): melts first and then burns quickly. The flame jumps and produces black smoke, pungent smell, and black irregular lumps.
34. How to classify gray cloth?
According to the weaving method (different looms): ①. Knitted fabric: mesh MEGA fabric, plush sheared velvet wear-resistant fabric KEVLALLYCRA ②. Plain woven fabric: TAFTA OXFORD CORDURABALLISTIC. ③. Twill fabric: 3/1 twill 2/ 2 twill large twill jacquard plaid satin cloth ④. Jacquard fabric: colored gauze plaid curtain cloth LOGO jacquard bed sheet tablecloth ⑤. Non-woven fabric: Lixin cloth needle ginned cotton (pay attention to thickness/code weight/texture/color)
35. What is non-woven fabric?
It is a fabric that does not require spinning or weaving. It just orients or randomly arranges short textile fibers or filaments to form a fiber mesh structure, and then uses mechanical, thermal bonding or chemical methods to reinforce it. To put it simply: it is not intertwined and knitted together by yarns one by one, but the fibers are directly bonded together through physical methods. Therefore, non-woven fabrics cannot extract threads one by one. . Nonwoven fabrics break through traditional textile principles and have the characteristics of short process flow, fast production speed, high output, low cost, wide range of uses, and multiple sources of raw materials.
36. What are the classifications of non-woven fabrics?
Spunlaced non-woven fabrics, heat-sealed non-woven fabrics, pulp air-laid non-woven fabrics, wet-laid non-woven fabrics, spun-bonded non-woven fabrics and melted non-woven fabrics
Needle-punched non-woven fabrics, stitch-bonded non-woven fabrics
37. What is spunlaced non-woven fabric?
The spunlace process is to spray high-pressure fine water onto one or more layers of fiber webs to entangle the fibers with each other, so that the fiber webs can be reinforced and have a certain strength.
38. What is thermally bonded non-woven fabric? Thermal bonded non-woven fabric refers to adding fibrous or powdery hot-melt adhesive reinforcement materials to the fiber web, and then the fiber web is heated, melted and cooled to strengthen it into a cloth.
39. What is denim?
Denim is made of pure cotton indigo-dyed warp yarns and natural weft yarns, interwoven with a three-up and one-down right twill weave. It can generally be divided into three categories: light, medium, and heavy. The width of the cloth is mostly between 114-152 cm.
40. What are the characteristics of denim? A. Pure cotton twill with coarse yarn count, moisture permeable, good air permeability, comfortable to wear;?? B. Thick texture, clear lines, and can prevent wrinkles, shrinkage and deformation after proper treatment;? C. Indigo is a coordinating color that can match tops of various colors and is suitable for all seasons; D. Indigo is a non-solid color that becomes lighter as it is washed, and becomes more beautiful the lighter it is.
The top ten brands of leather sofas should be the ones that more people yearn for. Leather sofas are durable and give people the feeling of being more high-end. Look.
It's comfortable to wear and better to sit on. It is also very easy to clean and does not need to be disassembled. It is more suitable for people who don’t like to clean furniture.
Dear friends. Although leather sofas are good, they are also expensive, so we still need to pay attention to the basic cleaning and maintenance of leather sofas. They must prevent dust and should be placed in a ventilated and dry place. They should not be exposed to the sun or are too humid. place.
Here is a brief introduction to the cleaning and maintenance methods of leather sofas.
Of course, when there are oil stains on the leather sofa, we must first wipe it dry with a rag, then scrub it with shampoo, and finally clean it with water.
If there is grease or dirt, we must first scrub it with soapy water, and then scrub it clean with clean water.
When there are ballpoint pen marks on the sofa, you should wipe it clean with rubber glue as soon as possible.
If the leather sofa is stained with substances such as sodium carbonate, beer or coffee, we must first scrub it with soapy water, and then wash it clean with water.
In addition, during daily maintenance of leather sofas, you can use fresh milk to clean the leather sofa, which will make the leather sofa more shiny. Regardless of whether it is a top ten leather sofa brand or not, be careful not to place the sofa in a place where the sun can directly shine, or in a relatively humid place. Direct sunlight can easily cause the sofa to crack, and humid places can easily cause mold, so you still need to pay more attention.